October 27, 2025 Accrued expenses are liabilities that may appear on the balance sheets of companies that follow U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Many non-experts in accounting are unclear about which accrued expenses must be recognized and/or disclosed in a company’s financial statements under the accounting rules. These Q&As make accrued expenses easier to understand. What are accrued expenses? Accrual-basis accounting requires expenses to be recognized when incurred,...

October 27, 2025 Overview Nonresident aliens who are temporarily present in the United States and perform personal services (i.e., work) are generally considered engaged in a U.S. trade or business (ETB). Under the Internal Revenue Code (IRC), such individuals are required to file a U.S. income tax return using Form 1040-NR, even if they ultimately owe no tax. Failure to file this return exposes the individual to substantial penalties, including the potential forfeiture of the treaty benefit...

October 24, 2025 When someone is said to be acting with courage, we feel a sense of bravery or heroism. However, it seems to me that our understanding of the meaning is often ambiguous. As a child, for example, I confused feats of daring, like jumping off the second-story landing or grabbing a snake with my bare hands, with “courage.” Now I have come to realize, with the benefit of age, that these were acts of foolhardiness, quite different from true courage. What is the difference between...